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alt="http://img1.qikan.com.cn/qkimages/zgyi/zgyi201308/zgyi20130827-1-l.jpg" /><img src="http://img1.qikan.com.cn/qkimages/zgyi/zgyi201308/zgyi20130827-2-l.jpg" alt="http://img1.qikan.com.cn/qkimages/zgyi/zgyi201308/zgyi20130827-2-l.jpg" /><img src="http://img1.qikan.com.cn/qkimages/zgyi/zgyi201308/zgyi20130827-3-l.jpg" alt="http://img1.qikan.com.cn/qkimages/zgyi/zgyi201308/zgyi20130827-3-l.jpg" /><img src="http://img1.qikan.com.cn/qkimages/zgyi/zgyi201308/zgyi20130827-4-l.jpg" alt="http://img1.qikan.com.cn/qkimages/zgyi/zgyi201308/zgyi20130827-4-l.jpg" /><img src="http://img1.qikan.com.cn/qkimages/zgyi/zgyi201308/zgyi20130827-5-l.jpg" alt="http://img1.qikan.com.cn/qkimages/zgyi/zgyi201308/zgyi20130827-5-l.jpg" /> <br>　　[摘要] 目的：探討溫?zé)犷愔兴幉牡摹靶�、色、嗅、味”等形態(tài)學(xué)特征。方法：選取114味溫?zé)崴幾鳛檠芯繉ο螅瑧?yīng)用EpiData 3.02軟件建立數(shù)據(jù)庫，應(yīng)用SPSS 18.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。結(jié)果：在形狀方面，以圓柱體最多，25例，占21.9%；片狀12例，占10.5%；圓球狀11例，占9.6%；卵狀和塊狀各9例，分別占7.9%；橢圓形8例，占7.0%；其余形狀分布較為分散。在顏色方面，以紅色最多，45例，占39.5%；黃色29例，占25.4%；黑色16例，占14.1%；綠色15例，占13.2%；白色9例，占8.9%。在氣味方面，以香氣為主，62例（包含微香），占54.4%；氣微28例，占24.6%；無臭13例，占11.4%；特異7例，占6.1%；微腥4例，占3.5%。味道以辛（包括微辛）最多，36例，占31.6%；苦（包含微苦）35例，占30.7%；甘（包含微甘）19例，占16.6%；咸（包含微咸）5例，占4.5%；酸（包含微酸）4例，占3.5%；淡11例，占9.6%；澀3例，占2.6%；麻1例，占0.9%。在質(zhì)地方面，硬（包括較硬，堅(jiān)實(shí)）占39.4%；脆占24.6%；體輕占12.3%；體重占3.5%；松占2.6%；韌占5.3%。結(jié)論：溫?zé)嶂兴幍男螒B(tài)學(xué)特征具有一定規(guī)律，以圓柱形、紅色、氣香、味辛、質(zhì)地堅(jiān)硬者為多，適合進(jìn)一步挖掘整理。<br>　　[關(guān)鍵詞]：溫?zé)嶂兴�；形態(tài)學(xué)特征；藥性<br>　　[稿件編號] 20120806006<br>　　[基金項(xiàng)目] 中國博士后科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目（2012M510346）；北京市自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目（7102097）<br>　　[通信作者] *王燕平，副研究員，主要從事中醫(yī)藥管理、養(yǎng)生保健理論與方法研究，E-mail：wang4816@yahoo.com.cn<br>　　中藥理論的形成與藥物的形態(tài)學(xué)特征密切相關(guān)。藥之為物，各有形、性、氣、質(zhì)[1]。中藥功用由其形狀、顏色、氣味、質(zhì)地、所生之地、所成之時(shí)等自然特征決定，古人多從“天人相應(yīng)”整體觀出發(fā)，以“法象藥理”解釋藥性與自然環(huán)境的相關(guān)性。本文旨在分析溫?zé)犷愔兴幉牡摹靶�、色、嗅、味”形態(tài)學(xué)特征，探討溫?zé)崴幮耘c其外在形態(tài)的相關(guān)性。<br>　　1 數(shù)據(jù)收集與整理<br>　　1.1 數(shù)據(jù)的收集選擇高等中醫(yī)藥院校規(guī)劃教材《中藥學(xué)》[2-3]中的溫?zé)崴�，根�?jù)2010年版《中國藥典》關(guān)于中藥材形態(tài)學(xué)的記載，將其中具有明顯形態(tài)學(xué)特征的114種常見中藥統(tǒng)計(jì)歸納[4]。包括麻黃、桂枝、紫蘇、生姜、香薷、荊芥、防風(fēng)、羌活、藁本、白芷、細(xì)辛、蒼耳子、辛夷、蔥白、芫花、巴豆、獨(dú)活、川烏、丁公藤、馬錢子、徐長卿、威靈仙、木瓜、伸筋草、海風(fēng)藤、五加皮、狗脊、千年健、廣藿香、蒼術(shù)、厚樸、砂仁、香加皮、附子、肉桂、干姜、吳茱萸、丁香、小茴香、花椒、高良姜、蓽茇、蓽澄茄、山柰、陳皮、青皮、木香、檀香、荔枝核、佛手、香櫞、玫瑰花、薤白、大腹皮、甘松、九香蟲、山楂、神曲、使君子、檳榔、三七、降香、艾葉、炮姜、川芎、延胡索、姜黃、乳香、紅花、雞血藤、莪術(shù)、半夏、天南星、白附子、白芥子、皂莢、旋覆花、白前、苦杏仁、百部、款冬花、遠(yuǎn)志、蜈蚣、麝香、人參、黃芪、刺五加、巴戟天、淫羊藿、仙茅、補(bǔ)骨脂、菟絲子、沙苑子、杜仲、續(xù)斷、陽起石、當(dāng)歸、熟地黃、制何首烏、山茱萸、海螵蛸、雄黃、硫磺、蛇床子、砒石。<br>　　1.2 數(shù)據(jù)處理與分析以EpiData 3.02軟件建立數(shù)據(jù)庫，包括每味中藥的藥性（性、味、歸經(jīng)、主要功效）及其形態(tài)學(xué)特征（形、色、氣、質(zhì)）等，所有數(shù)據(jù)以專人“雙份”錄入及核查。應(yīng)用SPSS 18.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析，分別以溫?zé)崴幍男�、色、氣、味、質(zhì)與四氣、五味、歸經(jīng)為研究對象，進(jìn)行相關(guān)性研究。<br>　　2 結(jié)果<br>　　2.1 溫?zé)犷愔兴幮螤罘植?溫?zé)犷愔兴幮螤罟舶?4類，其中以圓柱體最多，為25例，占21.9%；片狀12例，占10.5%；圓球狀11例，占9.6%；卵狀和塊狀各9例，分別占7.9%；橢圓形8例，占7.0%；其余形狀不到5%，分布較為分散（表1）。<br>　　2.2 溫?zé)犷愔兴庮伾植?溫?zé)犷愔兴幰约t、綠、黃、白、黑為主色，其中紅色45例，占39.5%；黃色29例，占25.4%；黑色16例，占14.1%；綠色15例，占13.2%；白色9例，占8.9%（表2）。<br>　　2.3 溫?zé)犷愔兴幬兜婪植?口嘗味共7種，其中辛（含微辛）36例，占31.6%；苦（含微苦）35例，占30.7%；甘（含微甘）19例，占16.6%；咸（含微咸）5例，占4.5%；酸（含微酸）4例，占3.5%；淡11例，占9.6%；澀3例，占2.6%；麻1例，占0.9%（表3）。<br>　　表1 溫?zé)犷愔兴幮螤钐攸c(diǎn)<br>　　表2 溫?zé)犷愔兴庮伾攸c(diǎn)<br>　　2.4 溫?zé)犷愔兴帤馕斗植?溫?zé)犷愔兴幍臍馕额愋头譃?類。以香氣為主，為62例（含微香），占54.4%；氣微28例，占24.6%；無臭13例，占11.4%；特異7例，占6.1%；微腥4例，占3.5%（表4）。<br>　　2.5 溫?zé)犷愔兴庂|(zhì)地分布常見溫?zé)犷愔兴庂|(zhì)地可分為8類，硬（包括較硬，堅(jiān)實(shí)）占39.4%、脆占24.6%、體輕占12.3%、體重占3.5%、韌占5.3%、松占2.6%（表5）。<br>　　表3 溫?zé)犷愔兴幬兜捞攸c(diǎn)<br>　　表4 溫?zé)犷愔兴帤馕短攸c(diǎn)<br>　　表5 溫?zé)犷愔兴庂|(zhì)地特點(diǎn)<br>　　3 討論<br>　　中藥形態(tài)學(xué)特征尚缺乏系統(tǒng)整理，探尋溫?zé)犷愔兴幉摹靶�、色、嗅、味”等外在要素與藥性的相關(guān)性，便于從外在的“象”更生動(dòng)地闡釋中藥藥性。雖然多數(shù)中藥寒熱藥性屬性是對中藥功能屬性的歸納，但是經(jīng)典中藥藥性理論中也存在通過中藥性狀來分析界定其寒熱屬性的情況，其間或許存在某些共性特征[5-7]。<br>　　本次研究初步發(fā)現(xiàn)，在統(tǒng)計(jì)的114種溫?zé)崴幹校詧A柱形、紅色、氣香、味辛、質(zhì)地堅(jiān)硬者為多�？趪L味與五味的匹配度較高。有毒、大毒、小毒藥多以紅、綠色為主，顏色比較鮮艷。無毒藥也以紅色為主。因而并不能單純以外觀色決定中藥材有無毒性，但是有毒及大毒和小毒中藥材顏色一般以鮮艷色為主。<p style="margin-bottom:10px"><strong>相關(guān)熱詞搜索：</strong><a href="http://m.newchangjing.com/tag/%CE%C2%C8%C8.html" target="_blank">溫?zé)?/a> <a href="http://m.newchangjing.com/tag/%D2%A9%B2%C4.html" target="_blank">藥材</a> <a href="http://m.newchangjing.com/tag/%C0%E0%D6%D0.html" target="_blank">類中</a> <a href="http://m.newchangjing.com/tag/%CC%D8%D5%F7.html" target="_blank">特征</a> <a href="http://m.newchangjing.com/tag/%B7%D6%CE%F6.html" target="_blank">分析</a> </p> <p><script type="text/javascript">ok3w_ads("s006");</script></p> <p><span id="w54xp4xzjmf" class="disclaimer"><script 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