我國檢察機關論文：論檢察機關偵查權的配置

　【中文摘要】偵查權配置不僅僅是一個單純的法理問題而且涉及政治制度安排,與國家的刑事政策和反腐斗爭緊密相關。就是指是檢察機關在刑事訴訟中用什么樣的手段和方式來保證檢察機關偵查權的合理配備和布置,以實現(xiàn)偵查權的價值。本文一開始從緒論中將本文的寫作進行了說明,并對現(xiàn)在本論題的研究現(xiàn)狀予以說明。已經(jīng)給出的偵查權配置的定義入手,對偵查權配置的兩種模式和影響偵查權配置的條件論證了什么是偵查權的配置,怎么樣配置。偵查權的橫向配置,也就是立法者在設計實體法時將眾多的案件按照一定的劃分標準,各個偵查機關按照這個標準來享有立案管轄的權力。然而,隨著社會的發(fā)展,犯罪的類型越來越多,犯罪的手段也越來越多樣,犯罪也也越向?qū)�業(yè)化、職業(yè)化發(fā)展,黑社會團伙性質(zhì)、犯罪集團性質(zhì)、官商結合、國家公職人員淪為黑保護傘的案件越來越多,使偵查權的配置不得不因犯罪類型的增多而在享有偵查權的部門中重新分配。為了有效維護法律秩序,實現(xiàn)刑罰遏制犯罪的功能,需要提高偵查的效率；因而加強偵查機關專業(yè)化建設,也成為一個現(xiàn)實的選擇。偵查權的橫向配置,客觀上有利于偵查機關的專業(yè)化分工,從而提高不同偵查機關偵查其所管轄的犯罪案件的偵查能力；同時也有利于明確責任。檢察機關偵查權的配置比其他機關享有的范圍。在程序中,其他偵查機關的偵查權實現(xiàn)比較單一,而檢察機關偵查權的實現(xiàn)是貫穿于刑事訴訟每個階段的。具體來說其他偵查機關對案件只享有案件的啟動權,即立

　案和調(diào)取證據(jù)的權力。而檢察機關的偵查權包括辦理自己管轄的職務犯罪案件,還有偵查監(jiān)督權,以及在審查起訴階段中的補充偵查權,審判階段的偵查權等等,也就是說檢察機關偵查權配置的實現(xiàn)程序比其他偵查機關更加廣泛,這是由檢察機關法律監(jiān)督機關的性質(zhì)決定的,因此檢察機關偵查權配置貫穿于整個刑事程序中。在檢察機關中也包括了縱向的配置和橫向的配置。因為我國上下級檢察機關是領導和被領導的關系,而非法院的指導關系,因此在檢察機關偵查權配置的縱向劃分中就存在上級檢察機關對下級檢察機關的案件操控權。而橫向的偵查權配置則是檢察機關對其他偵查機關的偵查監(jiān)督權失控后,即對其他偵查機關的違法瀆職人員的查辦。從我國現(xiàn)行刑事訴訟法律規(guī)定來看,偵查權配置模式是縱向與橫向混合采用；既采用了縱向配置模式中的部分內(nèi)容(將偵查措施決定權、偵查行為監(jiān)督權、偵查措施執(zhí)行權等分別授權給不同的機關行使),又采用了橫向配置模式中的部分內(nèi)容(將犯罪偵查權按照類型不同分別授權給公安機關、檢察機關、國家安全機關、軍隊保衛(wèi)部門、監(jiān)獄行使)。在現(xiàn)行偵查權配置模式中,檢察機關既行使職務犯罪偵查權、又行使偵查監(jiān)督權與部分偵查措施決定權等。從原理上講,一項制度的設計在客觀上的運作效果往往與其主觀上的目標設定密切相關,制度設計的制約著甚至決定著制度的框架及其實踐效果。這種現(xiàn)行的偵查權配置模式導致檢察機關在工作中遭遇到種種困難與問題。

　【英文摘要】Power of investigation is not just a simple configuration problem but a political system of legal

　arrangements, with the state’s criminal policies and the fight against corruption are closely related. Means is used in criminal proceedings, prosecutors what kind of means and methods to ensure the prosecution and investigation with the right to a reasonable arrangement to achieve the right detection value. Introduction This paper will start from the purposes of this article describes, and the topic of this situation now be described. Has been given the right configuration with the definition of investigation, the investigation right configuration of the two modes and the conditions of investigation right configuration investigation demonstrated what is the right configuration, how to configure. Investigation right lateral configuration, that is, when lawmakers in the design of substantive law, many cases will be classified according to certain criteria, all investigating authorities have placed on

　accordance with the standards under the jurisdiction of the authority. However, with the development of society, more and more types of crime, crime means more and more diverse, the more crime but also to professional and career development, the nature of triad gangs, the nature of criminal groups, officials and businessmen with the state public people become more and more cases of the black

　umbrella, so that the configuration of investigation right type of crime had increased due to enjoy the power of investigation in the sector re-allocation. In order to effectively maintain law and order, to achieve the function of the penalty to curb crime, the need to improve the efficiency of the investigation; and thus strengthen the investigative specialization, has become a realistic option. Investigation right lateral configuration, the objective is conducive to investigating authorities of the specialized division of labor, thereby enhancing the detection of various investigative agencies under the jurisdiction of criminal cases its investigative capacity; but also help define responsibilities. Power in the prosecution investigation have more than the range of other organs. In the program, other investigative agencies to achieve relatively simple power of investigation, and prosecution investigation is the realization of the right to run through every stage of criminal proceedings. The right lateral configuration of investigation is the prosecution’s investigation to other investigative agencies supervise out of control, that is, to other investigating authorities investigating officers of illegal misconduct. From our point of view the existing criminal law, investigation right

　configuration mode is the vertical and horizontal mixed-use; only by the vertical part of configuration mode (the decision will be detection measures to detect behavior supervision, investigation, respectively, the right to authorize implementation of the measures to different organs of the exercise), but also by the lateral part of configuration mode (to the right in accordance with different types of criminal investigations were licensed to the public security organs, prosecutors, state security organs, military security departments, the prison exercise). In principle, a system designed to operate on an objective and its subjective effects are often closely related to goal setting, the system is designed to restrict or even determine the institutional framework and its practical effects. The current configuration mode of investigation led to the prosecution the right to work in all kinds of difficulties and problems encountered. 【關鍵詞】我國檢察機關 偵查權配置 兩種模式 存在缺陷 如何完善 【英文關鍵詞】Of prosecution

　 Investigative Power Configuration

　 two modes

　 Defect

　 How to improve 【目錄】論檢察機關偵查權的配置???摘要

　??6-7?????Abstract??7-8?????第 1 章 緒論??11-13?????1.1 問題的提出??11-12?????1.2 研究現(xiàn)狀??12?????1.3 本文研究的主要思路和方法??12-13?????第 2 章 檢察機關偵查權配置概述??13-19?????2.1 檢察機關偵查權配置概述??13-17?????2.1.1 檢察機關偵查權配置概念??13-14?????2.1.2 檢察機關偵查權配置的影響條件??14-15?????2.1.3 檢察機關偵查權配置的模式??15-16?????2.1.4 檢察機關偵查權配置的形式和特點??16-17?????2.2 我國檢察機關偵查權配置情況??17-19?????第 3章 國外檢察機關偵查權配置的啟示??19-25?????3.1 英美法系檢察機關偵查權配置概況??19-21?????3.1.1 英國??19-20?????3.1.2 美國??20-21?????3.2 大陸法系檢察機關偵查權配置概況??21-22?????3.2.1 法國??21?????3.2.2 德國??21-22?????3.3 日本檢察機關偵查權配置概況??22-24?????3.4 國外檢察機關偵查權配置的啟示??24-25?????第 4 章 我國檢察機關偵查權配置中存在的缺陷??25-32?????4.1 檢察機關偵查權橫向配置不合理??25?????4.2 檢察機關偵查權縱向配置分散??25-26?????4.3 檢察機關偵查權配置措施和手段受限??26-27?????4.4 檢察機關引導偵查權缺位??27-28?????4.5 檢察機關補充偵查權配置不當??28-32?????第 5 章 檢察機關偵查權配置的完善??32-40?????5.1 擴大偵查權配置中橫向配置模式的范圍??32-33?????5.2 相對集中檢察機關偵查權縱向配置??33-34?????5.3 加強檢察機關偵查措施力度和特殊偵查手段??34-36?????5.4 賦予檢察機關引導偵查的權力??36-38?????5.5 取消檢察機關的補充偵查權??38-40?????結語??40-42?????致謝??42-43?????參考文獻??43-46?????攻讀碩士學位期間發(fā)表的論文??46??

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