˹mcЖ|M
l(f)rg:2020-06-19 Դ: ĬЦԒ c
[Ҫ]˹mٳ@һǰӰЖ|Ƅğ@ƺӡC}ϵġЖ|ՓȻ˹mcP(gun)ϵǽY(ji)(gu)ԛ_ͻߌP(gun)ϵij˹m(gu)ĹеĔ^˹mķҰD(zhun)ʹͬɄeđB(ti)ȳF(xin)˹mhɑB(ti)ȵD(zhun)׃ҲM
[P(gun)I~]˹m
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911Ж|^(q)ɞķ֑(zhn)Ҫ(ni)ˑ(zhn)ּƄЖ|M̵ġЖ|hЖ|ɞýw͌WVP(gun)עĆ}˹˿ռ(sh)Ж|˹mڽаl(f)]epصá@һ^(q)׃挦Ć}˹m̼ĻcP(gun)ϵe˹mcP(gun)ϵĔM˹mM̵Ӱ푽Ƕ\ý(gu)xP(gun)Փ̽ӑЖ|M̵ǰ
һ˹mcP(gun)ϵ
1974l(f)uһ˳ϯ˚ẆҺϵĺڷއҡ1974Y(ji)ú15g(qun)ښW30ȡ(qun)(qun)l(f)(qun)(qun)֮µĴҎ(gu)ģɻ\ӡ[1]ΌWҺ͢D@\ӷQ顰˳@˳ͬĻćҌF(xin)ʾˬF(xin)ƶȵmԡ
˳Ҳl(f)ΌW猦ͬĻcP(gun)ϵо͢Dڿ˸NĻcķeO(lin)ϵNĻųǣ½|̡˹m̺ͺڷĻ҇W߅J飺˹mĻͺڷĻcķeO(lin)ϵ@һcў˳C(qun)x(qun)y(tng)ľҪϵĺڷ͡Ж|˹m̡^(q)90rڷĻcķeO(lin)ϵҲS^˹mĻ[2]
˳ĻԲM̵P(gun)I׃׃ǸĬF(xin)M̡ڵ˳ٲͬĻćڬF(xin)M̵ƄڌF(xin)fĻMֻA׃ƄӻKMx·ƶȲͬĻĻزܛQһܷ·Kƶȡ̺͖|cP(gun)ϵ܉C@һcֱo70̺͖|Ļ߀JDzġĿwϿ1974-1989D(zhun)ćķ֮̇ҡ[3]̕ɬF(xin)ķ׃Ҫ׃ɓo(qun)׃@һD(zhun)׃һشάF(xin)[4]F(xin)^ŷرĻǃ(ni)ڵأhط[5]M80ĩ90̵һ֧|̇ҲF(xin)^
һNƶ˹mҁfDzƷc|ĻP(gun)ϵ˹m̂y(tng)Ļ׃ľLԲKЖ|ĸԭ˹mЖ|Mֻͬ׃Ж|˹mδѸ·һҪԭĻ@һA׃F(xin)^ĶMЖ|˹mĻcF(xin)֮g^ďF(xin)鏊ҵČ@һ^(q)Ļ׃Ҫ挦˹m̺P(gun)ϵ}˹mǷ҇WJărֵ^͚vʷ^˹mc֮gһN_P(gun)ϵ˹m̼Á֧ijЩ֕鷴هԴڵĻA(ch)ֵ֧ij̶ҪȡQ˹ṃȡQͬ˹m̰l(f)P(gun)ϵ(jng)έh(hun)˹m̃rֵ^ͨ^ӰΡ(jng)Ļȷӏ`Mǣ˹m̱һ׃ȲֹҲ֧ǰЖ|˹mҵMУ˹mֱ̲ҲΩһQԵӰ
Ж|ƺCcЖ|˹mұĻgڽY(ji)(gu)ԛ_ͻSWߓ(j)JЖ|˹mco@NʧƫHġЖ|ՓMiddle-Eastern Exceptionalismc˹mĻP(gun)ϵ挍ӳԴ˹mĻeX˹mĻJRʧںκƫ(zh)ж˹m̱|(zh)ǷġЖ|ҵ˹mx߄tJ˹mҲҪM˹m粻ĬF(xin)ȱɵ˹mƫx˹mɵ˹m@һwϵF(xin)˹mҵƶڴJRscԁֳxo˹m玧ķNNʹཛ(jng)v(lin)ϵȻƔ\
˹mһԪ˼Sʽʹ䌦ԵƶȺĻ^źäĿ^ߌČ|(zh)ǃɷNKY(ji)xČpJԼƶvʷ(yu)ԽƶǡvʷĽKY(ji)@NP(gun)ϵʽͨ^pħ(gu)ĔJ֪µġЖ|İYY(ji)˹m@}a(chn)Ĺ^ĔDZ^ʧJ˹mcgY(ji)(gu)ԛ_ͻ
˹mcЖ|M̵P(gun)ϵ
Lڵę(qun)xy(tng)ʹЖ|˹mқ]xķh[6]˹mhɳɞϵηͬrه˹m҅sǷ˹m@ʹЖ|(qun)x(qun)Ҷ횿]ĽY(ji)˹mܳɞM̵Ж|˹mǰēnӰƄЖ|ğ飬Ж|(qun)x(qun)tĸĽY(ji)nj(qun)c˹m˾ܽ^鑪ҪЖ|(qun)x(qun){(dio)ĻԺͲֲ(j)˷JF(xin)mԣʹЖ|˹mLm(x)(qun)xy(tng)ηʽuy(tng)Ρ
һNƶ׃woՓͻl(f)ʽ߀ǝuMʽ@һ׃wÓxЖ|˹mҵάF(xin)@ЩάF(xin)˹mеҪЖ|˹m?gu)ܰl(f)ښWޚvʷϵ\ʹͨ^_ԭt˹mӰεҪo20ʹ_ԭt˹mh80ͨ^xe_f˹m̵֮˹m̚vʷϏδM^صڽ̸ĸW·Ж|˹m?gu)]нbx@Ҳζ܌˹mųЖ|˹mҵM֮˹mcP(gun)ϵɞЖ|M̵ă(ni)׃
Wߌ˹mͨ^ʽ_(zh)ηQ˹mٳhijack democracy˹mҵČWߌQ顰˹m䌍^˹mٳĆ}Ϻ˜κͨ^xe_(zh)ĺϷY(ji)M@һY(ji)ܲҵ˹mٳĸӳ˹mƫ(zh)JRҲxwF(xin)WJ˹mM|(zh)϶Ƿ䶷·Dͨ^DZʽ̺һ˹mҡ䌍ڰ˹ֵܕȡ˹m_ʼֻؽMWs˹JNͬģ˹mԭּx\ӲܱsһFһKwҲܸ(j)һAO(sh)ĆһĹʽ(zhn)Թrؑ˹m̺˹m\ӲDZȻǷͷ[7]
˹mҪɄeđB(ti)ȴ^ɄecЖ|˹mM̵P(gun)ϵɚw{N
1Zϣʽ(Jahiliyyah Paradigm)ZϣʽM˹mɄe£ِRx[8]Jihadi SalafiyyahՓܡͻ˹̹˹mx߰ëŵ䄓(chung)˹mxِx¡زԸMķʽԏጺͰl(f)չ@һՓJ鮔ǰ˹mҵ(qun)Ƿ˹m̎c˹mʷǰġZϣƵĬF(xin)Zϣ횰l(f)ӡʥ(zhn)ƷF(xin)(qun)F(xin)Һ˹m(qun)Hakimiyyat Allah
˹mоķWߡϣ˿y(tng)˹m˹P堖Gilles KepelJ19966£I(lng)ĽMɳm܊Il(f)ӵuԓMĿ˰l(f)ӵ״u@uf˹mΓ·guerrilla routeʧ[9]ؽMȡ£ِRxMHȫ(gu)ɾ{ͬrF(xin)(qun)Ķѽ(jng)ʧ@ЩзɫʵĘO˽MѳɞHֶҪ䶷ҪǡΓ·Ϳֲxעֻy(tng)µİ^ʧҡfailed states͑(zhn)_չҎ(gu)ӡmȻ?ni)Ծ߂?gu)ֲuĿћ]аl(f)ӲݸAӸĶcl(f)Ⱥͨ^ʥ(zhn)Ʒѽ(qun)(qun)ҵĽKOĿ˱Y
Zϣʽʧζҷġ£ِRxMoͨ^b˹mȡ(qun)˹m(qun)ҡmȻؽM˹m粻֧ߺͬЖ|˹mKÅsʮ
2غ͵ԭּxʽModerate Fundamentalist Paradigm
o70£ِRxM]Ж|˹mҊZ(qun)ֵ(zhn)ҪɆTвK˹m(qun)ԇʹ˹mՓ͌`ܵ(zhn)@һ˹mMֻܰһҪغ͵ĸxٶȳɞ˹mĿǰ(sh)˹mhɶ@һʽаsȇ˹ֵܕĦxcl(f)չh@һʽĴ
cZϣʽͬ@һʽҲڱصďx˹m̷(qun)ͨ^Zȡ(qun)Ķ·J˹mͨ^״ŬɌF(xin)LĿoһͨ^P˹mº̓rֵ^˹mrֵ^ӰԌF(xin)ɆTºО˹mͨ^uMʽ׃˹m
غ͵ԭּxJͨ^ֶθֻ˹m;֮һJ˹m܉ѸيZ(qun)@ζԓɄec෴䅢Ҫʽͨ^xeȡhϯλИI(y)ȹMI(lng)(qun)ԅcQӰݛՓ
Zϣʽ͡غ͵ԭּxʽĽKO붼Ǟаʽԭڶ߲ܷ塰ġthe desirable͡ɌF(xin)ġthe possibleą^(q)eغ͵ԭּxxЌxɫˣmȻKOĿnjF(xin)˹m̺һ˹m(qun)ڌ`ȻJͬƶeOc@xvغ͵ԭּxЖ|˹mҵMһĴMԓһͨ^xe_ǷЇ˹m̷ƉԭtȡߵȣПoД߀]Мغ͵ԭּxhЖ|˹m҈(zh)(c̎xһ)
3x˹mʽLiberal Islamist Paradigm
x˹mʽָŗ˽˹m(qun)˹mɄeՓԇD{(dio)x˹mڽܬF(xin)ͬr˹mɫƶȣmЖ|˹mҵĻcɷNʽԓʽ˞аxՌؿ˹mЖ|˹mе
@һʽ˹mhɲٹرصďxxDŮڽ̳֜غ͑B(ti)ȡ˹ֵܕxİghHezibalWasatӼ{6̵Ŀ˺44DŮа漆˹DŮԼSxԓhI(lng)˰RJ飺˹m̘OЄԵԭt˹m(ni)ڶNͶԪx[10]
@h˹mֻǶֶĿġxeҪҘ˰˹mhͻڽݣxeжڽɫʝصĿ̖U(zh)AøxJͬ@Щֻ̖ǡxeZԡһ(zh)@ЩhoҲo⌍`@Щ̖ڽֻĸx
xcl(f)չh@һʽijɹ`ߡ2002ԓhxЫ@٣ΪMwԓh_δ˹mcxόo^(q)eHԓh߀eOƄW(zhn)Ҳoஔ̶ȵĺ
x˹mʽh˹mɄecķeO(lin)ϵ֧Ṃ(qun)xy(tng)څɞ酢ch@ЩhcxhɵIJeСڅӽЖ|˹mаl(f)]ҪcǰɷNʽ@һʽЖ|˹mҵάF(xin)څݣMһƄ@xv˹mČ`ҕ˹mx̧^˹mcԻӵķeO
ӰЖ|M̵ă(ni)
1˹mķeO
(zhn)ƄЖ|Ж|ߵĺģƳּڴMЖ|ġЖ|hͬrЖ|˹mҵxҲⲿh(hun)(qun)x(qun)l(f)(zhn)Ҫ@˳غ͵˹mxߺxһҪ˹ֵܕ20043º20053°l(f)˃ɷP(gun)ĸáf(xi)̣o_Ҫ佨˹mҵĿ[11]2005갣hxeУ˹ֵܕȡ88ϯλռhϯλ(sh)20Hڈ(zh)h˹ֵܕxhT߀̵ĿxeY(ji)˹ֵܕӖºĬ¡Ȳʾ˹ֵܕʂc_չԒ[12]
Mܡغ͵ԭּxδĽ˹mҵнų@һD(zhun)׃˹m협׃MБ(zhn){(dio)ķeOڅˣ˹mx˹mʽ^ǿܵ
˹mġZϣʽx˹mʽD(zhun)׃@ʾ˹muغͻڅʹ˹mϵKuD(zhun)׃?yu)˹mɫ˹mCivilIslamɞƄķeO
˹mW߇@˹mcP(gun)ϵչ_˼ҵĠՓ@ՓУ֧ČWռ(j)(yu)oeOur簣̷W҃(yu)ظw_SJ˹mo_ͻF(xin)ƶc˹m̷еġֹԭtʮֽӽ
˹ֵܕǰI(lng)˰ϡ_¶ՓxԭtJ顰ζcQ
K˹mxW߹DJ˹m\ӱȺ\[13]˹mWߌJͬ˹mṩ˽̷ϵ(j)Ж|˹mҵM
2˹mO
Sغ͵˹mhɅxeҲNһLUһijЩ˹mhɅcζȫƶ@SֻĶԡЖ|^ȥʮΌ`C˹mhͨ^ȡ(qun)ѽ(jng)ƜάF(xin)ǰ@ЩhJRֻͨ^ػطʽլF(xin)еΑҎ(gu)twƃ(ni)ͨ^Ϸʽȡ(qun)܌F(xin)佨(qun)ĽKOĿֹxcl(f)չh˹mhδЖ|˹mͨ^xe(zh)˹mČ`mȻһɹC˹mD(zhun)rңB(ti)xy(tng)cҲᲢՓغ͵˹mhڈ(zh)Ƿ(ni)˹mзߣĿǰyA
˹mhɱҲһɲ׃(ni)ҲڡMɡ͡غɡĶ˹ml(f)չʷC˹mM(ni)l(f)Mɡ͡غɡķǡMɡռ(j)(yu)غ͵˹mhҲܡM19921l(f)܊׃hxeY(ji)ȡ˺غ͵˹mꇾu׃?yu)鼤MM
@xvĴ_ڡ˹mٳĿܡHH@NĶ˹mhųM֮⣬Ж|MؓӰ˹mh_Ȼ܌ԭtƉֹ͕ʎˡ1991ꮔ˹mꇾڵطxeЫ@@hxe܊SxeoЧ˹mꇾI(lng)ԓm(x)(sh)ʎֲӲĽӖԳɞЖ|˹m̎˹mhɅ}ϵǰ܇֮bͬӾf˹ֵܕȡĸ߉ߣ߰l(f)ِx¡زͰߺġ£ِRxOx˼Įa(chn)
ӰЖ|M̵ⲿ
Ж|˹mҙ(qun)xy(tng)εLھSֵⲿ׃Ж|ߡڇҪcһЩ(qun)x(qun)Y(ji)ĬS(qun)xͼy(tng)εĴԶ˹mİl(f)չڰԛ_ͻƫ̻ɫ°˹̹δ܌F(xin)(zhn)˹mʥɳذv܊Ж|߱M˹mãɞɿӷwĹl(f)˹֏ҵıZкܺđB(ti)ؓpĵxʽĹŶʹPՓCЖ|˹mҵı衣xЖ|߲HȫƏVġʹɞЖ|˹mϵK
911JȱЖ|^(q)ѳɞֲxĜشڇҰȫ{r̙(qun)x(qun)Ж|m(x)mȻS֬F(xin)ʹЖ|(qun)ұַ(wn)@N(wn)OƏVڶڃ(ni)Ж|ք݄ʎ@NʎǽO(sh)Ե@NД࣬ƳЖ|h_ʼ{(dio)˹m@һ{(dio)wF(xin)څ^(q)eMɡ͡غɡڴMɡͬrcغɡ_չԒʾԽܜغ͵˹mhɈ(zh)20054ؓ؟˙(qun)̈́ڹյ˹ءڿeе˹mՓϱʾԸcͨ^xe_˹mxߺ[14]ʂܜغ͵˹mhɈ(zh)
˹mB(ti)ȵD(zhun)׃ں̶ܴϿ˷ˌЖ|}ʧZġCϰYAlgerianSyndromeʹЖ|(qun)x^m(x)ķ֑(zhn)Ƈ(ni)˹mhĶ˹mhɅⲿϵKЖ|M̄(chung)ⲿh(hun)
Ȼ@һ{(dio)ζŗˌЖ|˹mҙ(qun)x(qun)֧Ж|pؘ˜ԌSߑTԣЖ|M̲ǸʽǝuMʽt횞Ąʎ߰ɱ@Ж|^(q)ĿЖ|F(xin)ɿmanageddemocracyԷֹ˹m_Ж|˹mγɡZơЧ¾ʧأK`ƄЖ|ijڴЖ|Y(ji)xhɈ(zh)
Y(ji)Փ
˹m̲Ж|ĺ׃Ж|M̜w˹mĻ(gu)xHP(gun)ϵՓ̽ӑ˹m̌Ж|M̵ӰṩһȫҕԓՓJОwactor֮gP(gun)ϵОwĻӽ(gu)Оw֮gP(gun)ϵǹ̶׃^ОwԷֽⲢ@һP(gun)ϵF(xin)Оw֮gP(gun)ϵĿ׃ԺMĿԡ˹m̺ČP(gun)ϵǽoОw(gu)γɵ^Y(ji)(gu)ȿɱ(gu)锳Ĺ^Ҳɱ(gu)CĹ^˹mĻcČP(gun)ϵͨ^Оw^D(zhun)׃Լ@ND(zhun)׃ОwԻ졣˹mB(ti)ȵD(zhun)׃˹mB(ti)ȵD(zhun)׃p_ʼԻӵķeO˹m̲Ж|ĹϵKҌɞƄM̵ķeO
עጣ
[1][] ͢D20 o˳܊gϺ(lin)1998 21
[2]ƣl(f)չЇǰ˼dƌW1998 6 79 퓡
[3][] ͢D20 o˳87
[4]ͬ[1]88
[5]ͬ[1]115116
[6]һrsƶǻ˹ֺͻͽ֙(qun)ĽM
[7][]J. L. ˹У˹m{Ԓ߀ǬF(xin)|ԵgƌWīI1999 336
[8]g顰ʥ(zhn)x鮔ǰ˹mҵ(qun)Ƿ˹m̎c˹mʷǰġZϣƵĬF(xin)Zϣ횰l(f)ӡʥ(zhn)ƷF(xin)(qun)F(xin)Һ˹m(qun)HakimiyyatAllah
[9]Gilles Kepel,The trail of political Islam,http://www.opendemocracy.net/content/articles/PDF/421.pdf.
[10][]Ƞ ʩſˣgh˹mͶԪ http://www.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-579/_nr-8/_p-1/i.html
[11]@ɷҊ˹ֵܕW(wng)վhttp://www.ikhwanonline.com/Article.asp?ID=5172&SectionID=356 http://www.ikhwanonline.com/Article.asp?ID=11232&SectionID=0&Searching=1
[12]uҕ_W(wng)վ ˹ֵܕʂcԒhttp://www.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/3F50A457-8BC8-4EC1-89FB-831B87FD94D8.htm
[13][]R _ķ˹m˼еhttp://www.libyaforum.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=1385&Itemid=41
[14]U.S. Will Risk Middle East Reforms,http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/31ADB105-68FC-4BE8-BC40-90107F2678EF.htm.
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